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Some delegates fear that the US could still decide to send officials to undermine the talks. Other environmental talks collapsed this year following US pressure, labelled "bully-boy tactics" by some participants.
Addressing officials in Belém, UN climate chief Simon Stiell initially struck an optimistic tone. He said significant progress had been made in the last decade to reduce emissions of planet-warming gases.
But then he took aim at "squabbling" between countries.
"Not one single nation among you can afford this, as climate disasters rip double-digits off GDP," he said.
Brazil wants to use its presidency of the talks to secure progress on key promises made in previous years.
President Lula's centrepiece is a fund called the Tropical Forest Forever Facility (TFFF) that Brazil hopes will raise $125bn to protect tropical forests globally.